内乘波式进气道与典型侧压式进气道的性能对比

采用流线追踪技术,基于一种有利于均匀性的基本流场,按内乘波式进气道设计方法生成了一个来流马赫数6.0且进出口形状均为矩形的内乘波式进气道。其设计马赫数、迎风面形状等因素均参照某典型侧压式进气道选取,以便与之对比。CFD计算结果给出了设计状态下该内乘波式进气道与某典型侧压式进气道的流量系数、总压恢复、动能效率等主要性能指标,发现该内乘波式进气道的各项性能参数均略优于侧压式进气道。在非设计马赫数、攻角、侧滑等非设计状态下类似的性能对比研究表明,该内乘波式进气道不仅在设计状态下可捕获98%的来流,而且在各非设计状态下也可捕获91%以上的来流,流量捕获性能优势明显。以上结果证实:实现三维压缩与激波贴口的内乘波式进气道是一种高性能的定几何进气道方案。     

内乘波式进气道内收缩基本流场研究

内收缩基本流场的设计直接决定了内乘波式进气道最终性能.编制二维轴对称特征线法程序,实现了来流马赫数6条件下的内收缩锥基本流场计算.提出以两道曲激波将内收缩锥流场划分为三个区域,反射激波与基本流场的交点所在平面流量平均参数作为内收缩锥基本流场的性能评价参数.分析发现,内收缩锥基本流场流动特征与平面二维流动和外锥流动存在显著不同,该类流场流动损失与二维平面流动相当,但压缩能力强.内锥角、中心体半径比两个几何参数对流场性能的影响具有相似规律,给出了相应表达式,从而为内乘波式进气道的设计提供了依据.     

发射药颗粒床中对流燃烧的实验研究

设计了耐压值为1000MPa的半密闭爆发器, 研究了单基发射药颗粒床中的点、传火过程和压力波动现象, 考察了实验参数(推进剂特性、空隙率、剪切片厚度等)对多孔床中对流燃烧特性的影响。实验观察到一维压力波的传播与反射;火焰传播过程中药床存在动态压缩现象, 这是形成压力波的主要因素;在低的装填密度下, 药床中未形成一维燃烧波。      

二维装药内弹道数值模拟改进方法

研究了长细比大的管形装药固体火箭发动机在燃烧过程中的侵蚀燃烧和滞点漂移现象，视燃烧产物为准定常流动，使用分段解析法，进行内流场的数据模拟，并对滞点漂移进行了计算。     

Variable stiffness design of redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms

Redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms (RAPRPMs) adapt to the requirements of robots under different working conditions by changing the antagonistic internal force to tune their stiffness. The geometrical parameters of the mechanism impact the performances of modulating stiffness. Analytical expressions relating stiffness and geometrical parameters of the mechanism were formulated to obtain the necessary conditions of variable stiffness. A novel method of variable stiffness design was presented to optimize the geometrical parameters of the mechanism. The stiffness variation with the internal force was maximized. The dynamic change of stiffness with the dynamic location of the mechanism was minimized, and the robustness of stiff-ness during the motion of the mechanism was ensured. This new approach to variable stiffness design can enable off-line planning of the internal force to avoid the difficulties of on-line control of the internal force.     

"流行书风"的内在特征与形成原因

"流行书风"的形成与当时书法艺术家主体的完全独立、书法理论界的思想解放、创作主体对创作的个性化与原创性追求,以及以国家级的展览为代表的展厅文化的推波助澜息惠相关.只要其"根植传统、张扬个性"的宗旨不变,在当前乃至今后一个较长的时期,它将一如既往地继续"流行".     

透平内部非稳态流动试验研究进展

为探究透平内部流场的非稳态特性及其演变特征,通过归纳国内外透平内部流动的试验研究,回顾了轴流透平、向心透平采用的试验方法及取得的研究进展,分析总结了试验方案与研究中存在的问题。目前,轴流式透平与平面叶栅的试验数量较多,试验的压力温度较低;向心式透平试验研究还比较少,并且试验多处于高温高压环境;随着接触式测量设备性能的大幅提升,其目前在透平非稳态试验中得到广泛应用,例如气动探针已经能够满足1×106Hz的高频采集要求;上游尾迹以及叶顶泄漏涡扰动下轴流式透平叶表附面层的转捩机制,以及向心式透平盘腔泄漏流与主流流场的非定常掺混等问题还有待进一步研究。     

Shape control of spacecraft formation using a virtual spring-damper mesh

This paper derives a distance-based formation control method to maintain the desired formation shape for spacecraft in a gravitational potential field. The method is an analogy of a vir-tual spring-damper mesh. Spacecraft are connected virtually by spring-damper pairs. Convergence analysis is performed using the energy method. Approximate expressions for the distance errors and control accelerations at steady state are derived by using algebraic graph representations and results of graph rigidity. Analytical results indicate that if the underlying graph of the mesh is rigid, the convergence to a static shape is assured, and higher formation control precision can be achieved by increasing the elastic coefficient without increasing the control accelerations. A numerical exam-ple of spacecraft formation in low Earth orbit confirms the theoretical analysis and shows that the desired formation shape can be well achieved using the presented method, whereas the orientation of the formation can be kept pointing to the center of the Earth by the gravity gradient. The method is decentralized, and uses only relative measurement information. Constructing a distributed virtual structure in space can be the general application area. The proposed method can serve as an active shape control law for the spacecraft formations using propellantless internal forces.     

分叉尾喷管气动性能实验研究

某涡轴发动机尾喷管由环形转接段和双管急弯收扩段组成，其形状呈“裤衩”形。在模拟涡轮出口旋流的条件下进行了喷管模型内流气动试验，采用双向总压探针测量喷管内大回流区，发现从３３°截面开始的大分离区对喷管性能有重大影响。在给定流量条件下，通过该流量的喷管进出口压比Ｐ＊５／Ｐ６远比无分离的理论值要高。试验证明导流板是减少喷管气流分离、提高扩压比、降低进口总压的有效措施。Ｐ＊５／Ｐ６可降低１．７％左右。     

旋风式燃气过滤器的冷流实验和内流场模拟

为了考察某导弹系统燃气发生器的旋风式燃气过滤器的除尘特性，对其进行了冷流实验研究，对除尘效率进行了模拟测量，并应用多流体模型的IPSA算法对其内流场进行了三维两相的数值模拟。计算结果与实验结果较符合，计算得到的分离界限粒径为2μm--3μm。